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Sport and recreation in the United States
Contents:
Introduction 3
1.
SPORT AND ITS
DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA 4
Historical background, names of national sports, borrowed games 4
1.1.
Problems and prospects of
American sport 6
2.
THE VARIETY OF AMERICAN SPORTS 9
2.1.
Professional sport 9
2.1.1. The business of sport 9
2.1.2. Major sports
10
2.1.2.1.
Baseball and business
10
2.1.2.2.
Basketball
12
2.1.2.3.
Football: an American spectacle
13
2.1.2.4.
Bowling
15
2.1.3. Problems in professional sport 16
2.1.4. Olympic Games and the names of
American heroes 17
2.2.
Leisure sports 17
2.2.1. Badminton
17
2.2.2. Bowling
20
2.3.
Sports for the disabled
21
2.4.
Women in sports
22
2.4.1. Women and traditional sports and
games 23
2.4.2. Women’s sport in the 19th
century 24
2.4.3. Challenging gendered boundaries
25
2.4.4. The age of modern sports 26
3.
RECREATION IN THE USA 29
3.1.
Sports at colleges
30
3.1.1. College and sport
30
3.1.2. Sport and money
31
3.1.3. Women's Collegiate Sport
32
3.1.4. Intramural and club sports 32
3.2.
Animals in sport 32
3.3.
Unusual sports 33
3.4.
Camps 33
CONCLUSION 35
LITERATURE 36
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays a lot of people are getting more and
more ambitious and now the always hurry somewhere, they are eager to do
everything and are afraid of losing any minute that can bring them happiness,
joy, glory or just money. But if they want to get that all, they’d better have
wonderful mood all the time, perfect health, steel nerves and strong will. At
present sport is the very thing that can help any person either keep fit or
reach all his aims.
In my course paper I’m going to investigate
almost all kinds of sport that can be popular famous in the USA, both
professional and amateur ones.
There probably are countries where the people are as crazy
about sports as they are in America, but I doubt that there is any place where
the meaning and design of the country is so evident in its games. In many odd
ways, America is its sports. The free market is an analog of on-the-field
competition, apparently wild and woolly yet contained by rules, dependent on
the individual's initiative within a corporate (team) structure, at once open
and governed.
Sport
plays a major role in American society as it accounts for the most popular form
of recreation. Many Americans are involved in sports - either as a participant
or as a spectator. Amateur sports distinguish between recreational and
competitive sports. Favorite recreational activities include hiking, walking,
boating, hunting, and fishing. All of these are liked for the recreational
value as well as for exercise. But there are also many other sports activities
in America which attract millions of participants for personal enjoyment, the
love of competition and for the benefits of fitness and health. In addition,
sport teaches social values like teamwork, sportsmanship, self-discipline, and
persistence that are highly regarded in U.S. society.
So the
main tasks of my course paper are to learn how sport influences on health and
culture of the Americans, to find out all problems and prosperities of American
sport and to figure out how many people of various classes, ages, nationalities
and races, which live in the USA, are involved in playing games.
The
first chapter of this course paper contains the information that shows us the
stages of gradual development of American sport, beginning from Puritans’ times
till our days. Different kinds of problems and prosperities that very often can
appear in sport are also discussed here. In the second chapter any can find the
information about great variety of sports that are played and watched on TV
through the whole USA. Here I also give some data about participating women and
the disabled in contests and competitions. The third chapter tells us about
sport as about the main sourse for recreation.
So the
whole course paper is dedicated to the sport in the USA, its development and
influence on American life.
1.
SPORT AND
ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA
1.1.
Historical background, names of national sports, borrowed games
Whatever else sports may mean or be, their present-day
prosperity represents a repudiation of the hostility toward games and enjoyment
codified in the law books of the
first settlers. The colonies' early rulers, north and south, were dedicated to
rooting out play and enforcing the discipline of hard work as a moral value in
itself and as a frontier necessity. The Puritans' war against sports may be
traced to their equation of work with prayer and their belief that divine
election was accompanied by an easy rejection of idleness; as members of
England's rising middle class, the Puritans also had a social bias against the
traditional amusements of the aristocracy. Today's fascination with the moral
significance of winning, with the accompanying neglect of the play element in
sports, may be an atavistic survival of this Puritan outlook—although the
win-at-any-cost ethic is no less in evidence in countries with no Puritan
heritage. Then again, the sheer number of seventeenth century laws against
sports must also mean that games were very popular in colonial .America.
Throughout the colonies the old English sports like
wrestling and footraces seem to have been present, although cockfighting and
horse racing were not permitted in New England. Sledding and ice skating were
also popular where the climate permitted; ice skating remained one form of
physical exercise allowed women when the mores of the Vic
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